Papers for Volume 17, No.2 December, 2025
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN MUSICAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT:
A PRELIMINARY INQUIRY INTO OBJECTIVITY
AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Abstract
Human judgment continues to be the primary method of assessing musical performance in higher education. Although experience-based, this practice is typically inconsistent and mostly dependent on human subjectivity. The concern, therefore, is regarding fairness, standardization, and the balance between technical precision and expressive interpretation in performance assessment. In light of these challenges, this paper explores a preliminary pathway to establishing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a complementary aid in musical performance assessment. It pays particular attention to Nigerian musical traditions, where the act of performance is inseparable from personal and communal identity. Instead of encouraging absolute implementation, it reflects on ways in which AI could facilitate structured objectivity via the assessment of quantifiable presentation parameters like pitch accuracy, timing, and dynamics. It also examines the pedagogic assumptions of such integration by questioning how digital tools may risk compromising empathy, cultural literacy, and interpretative agency. This paper argues that while AI may enhance consistency, it cannot replicate the human capacity for emotional and contextual understanding. The use of AI for assessing music performance in higher education should be in a supportive capacity, rather than displacing the role of human judgment.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Musical Performance, Education, Assessment, Tertiary Institutions
SUNDAY AKINFOLARIN MAKINDE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN VOICE PERFORMANCE
EDUCATION: TYPES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Abstract
The traditional methods of teaching voice performance in Nigerian Universities are being challenged by the rapid advancement of AI-driven technologies. Studies in AI-driven voice performance education is so far not known in the Nigerian context, making this study relevant to music education. AI in music education is also at the inception stage and requires more engagement to develop a framework for its application in Nigerian music education. This study investigates the implication of integrating AI-driven technologies into voice performance education, exploring its benefits and challenges. It employs a mixed method research design. Findings show that AI-driven technologies have the potential of enhancing voice performance education by providing personalized feedback, improving vocal technique, and increasing student engagement. However, results also reveal challenges such as limited access to technology and inadequate training of lecturers responsible for the teaching and learning of voice performance. The study concludes that AI-driven technologies can complement traditional teaching methods. This will contribute significantly to the development of Music Education in Nigeria, thereby enhancing the quality of Voice performance education and providing valuable insights for educators, policy makers and stakeholders. The study recommends that educators and policy makers should invest in AI-driven technologies, provide training for educators, and develop strategies to address the challenges associated with the integration of AI-driven technologies.
Keywords: Technology, Voice Performance, Education, Music, Artificial Intelligence
DR. ELIZABETH I. ONYEJI
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN HUMAN AND AI COLLABORATION
IN MUSIC CONDUCTING
Abstract
The world has evolved to a state where information technology and digitization have become a defining factor for how people view and interact with different phenomena. The influence of information technology on world best practices continues to grow beyond professional boundaries as days go by. Artificial Intelligence -AI (a branch of Information Technology) has significantly influenced music practices, provided welcomed assistance, and sometimes independently taken on tasks that humans would ordinarily execute. Efforts to find works that show the challenges and prospects of human and AI collaboration in music conducting have been fruitless. This study is therefore an attempt to unearth the benefits and challenges of Human and AI collaboration in music conducting, to fill the knowledge gap in the comprehension of the role of AI on creativity and performance. Using a mixed method of document study and review of already existing literature in collecting data, this work shows the benefits and the challenges of human and AI collaboration in music conducting. Findings show that Humans and AI can collaborate in such ways that will improve music expression, enhance accuracy, and improve efficiency. Among other suggestions, the study recommends that music institutions should include the teaching and learning of AI systems and information technology in their curricula. This will prepare conductors for the future, where they may not be able to function without the use of AI tools. Also, software developers should collaborate with musicians to provide tools that address specific areas in music practice. This partnership will ensure that AI tools are designed and equipped with pedagogical and musical sensitivity.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Music Conducting, Human and AI Collaboration, Problems, Prospects.
ERHIEGUEKE, ALEXANDER WALSH, DR. UGOO-OKONKWO, IRUOMA AMAKA, DR. OKAFOR, IFEANYI ONYEDIKA
MUSICOLOGY VERSUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): CONTESTING AI IN THE
ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN POPULAR MUSIC
Abstract
In the core of musicology lies the ability to analyse music, dissecting a piece of music to reveal the various elements/components fused together to form its whole in order to offer explanations for what, how and why it is made. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, is a ground-breaking feat in the field of computer science, offering a powerful tool that draws on extensive data across many domains, including music, but with its own limitations. This paper is a musicological effort to study selected works in Nigerian popular music to show findings that are contrary to that of AI powered chatbots, subjecting AI generated responses in musical analysis to thorough investigation and verification by a musicologist who is formerly trained to transcribe and analyse music.
Keywords: AI, Musicology, Analysis, Popular Music, Transcription, Chatbot
EKO, AYOBAMI D.
EFFECTS OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS TEACHERS' QUALITY ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN CREATIVE ARTS
Abstract
Creative Arts is very important in life. People all over the universe spend hours listening watching creativities works; music, dance, drama, Art exhibitions, performance, music compositions among others (Onwudiwe 2020). There are several reasons why Creative Arts is vital in the lives of people. It gives background accompaniment for activity and provides an environment of sound in the same way that wallpaper provides a visual environment. It has been observed that Creative Arts work is not just for background accompaniment but promotes a feeling of work. This study focused on quality of teachers' education as it affects academic performance of students in Cultural and Creative Arts in Junior Secondary Schools. 100 questionnaires were administered and responses from the students were collected and analyzed. Data analysis shows that low quality of teachers' education and governments contribute immensely to the low performance of students in secondary schools. 80% of the teachers do not teach their students effectively. Practicum studies were neglected and in addition, effective use of instructional materials characterized the teaching and learning processes. Governments' necessary provisions of necessary facilities in all schools were inadequate. The study offer suggestions on how Creative Arts studies can be improved and well appreciated by all the stakeholders.
Keywords: Teachers Education, Student Low performance, Cultural and Creative Arts.
OJO OLUWASEGUN MICHAEL
FROM PHYSICAL TO VIRTUAL TRAINING: A NEW MEDIUM FOR LEARNING
SAXOPHONE PLAYING TECHNIQUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Abstract
Learning methods in recent times has expanded from the conventional pattern of physical training to digital platforms in the training of saxophonists. Digital training platforms continued to revolutionise the way beginners acquire new skills in musicianship. This study examines the transition from physical to virtual media in saxophone playing techniques, it analyses the effectiveness of online platforms and virtual lessons. This is with a view to exploring the effectiveness of the digital platforms in teaching the art of saxophone playing. The study employs both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary source includes oral interviews with two purposively selected notable Nigerian saxophonists, namely, Seun Adeoti (LusheunSax) and Taiye Daramola (TeewaiSax) Secondary source includes books, journal articles, and video recordings of saxophone tutorials on digital platforms were consulted. The data retrieved from digital platforms were analysed and subjected to critical discourse within an ethnomusicological framework. Findings show that the shift from physical (face-to-face) saxophone teaching to virtual learning has both advantages and challenges. Results show that digital resources enhance technical proficiency and performance skills, especially in saxophone playing techniques. Adequate knowledge of digital innovation is shaping the future of saxophone teaching and learning, making quality instruction more accessible and adaptable. This is fundamental to advancing pedagogical efficacy and ensuring the continued relevance and accessibility of saxophone education.
Keywords: Physical Training, Digital Platforms, Evolution, Saxophone, Playing Techniques.
OMOLAYE, BAMIDELE VINCENT, Ph.D.
SYMPHONY OR ALGORITHM? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AI-GENERATED
AND HUMAN-COMPOSED MUSIC
Abstract
This study explores a significant and clearly defined question: when directly comparing AI-generated music with human-composed music, what genuine differences become evident? To examine this, we analysed 20 MIDI pieces—10 created by various AI programmes such as AIVA, MuseNet, and Amper, and 10 pieces by talented human composers spanning genres like classical, jazz, and pop music. Using Music21 and LibROSA, we precisely measured features such as harmonic complexity, rhythm patterns, and dynamic range within the selected pieces. Additionally, we involved 1,240 listeners in a double-blind survey, ensuring they remained unaware of which tracks were AI-generated and which were human-composed. The results revealed consistent patterns: AI music displayed 22-28% more rhythmic regularity, while human compositions showed significantly higher harmonic surprise and a 35% increase in emotional impact. Interestingly, one in five listeners preferred an AI-generated track when the source was unknown. This indicates that although AI can technically produce music, it often lacks the narrative depth and emotional richness typical of human composers. These findings suggest AI should be regarded as a creative partner rather than a rival. The practical implications of this study include the need to reconsider copyright regulations and to better adapt music education curricula to facilitate collaboration between human musicians and AI technologies.
Michael Chiedozie Uzomah
TRAINING OF GANGAN DRUMMERS IN NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS:
A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECTHNIC ILARO
Abstract
Focusing on Music education in our schools, the traditional practice of restricting Dùndún musicianship to specific families in Yoruba land, where apprenticeship often required initiation or affiliation, risk of involving in ritual making before you can study the art can now go to an extinction. Empirical approach was adopted and tutorial class was organized to carry out the field research made by the researcher in his studies to transfer knowledge gained from his consultant. A course outline was designed to study G ngan drum within a semester which was tested and yielded good result. A curriculum can be developed to capture the art of Dùndún musicianship in our schools to prevent cultural extinction and enhance cultural preservation.
Keywords: Curriculum, Musicianship, Music Education, Tutorial,
OLUFEMI OLALEKAN OKEDAIRO, OGUNYEMI,`BAYO
PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON THE CREATION,
PERFORMANCE, AND CONSUMPTION OF FUJI MUSIC
IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE
Abstract
This study investigated perceived effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the creation, performance, and consumption of Fuji music in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 120 respondents, including musicians, producers, and listeners, through structured questionnaires. Results indicated that over half (57.5%) of the respondents were male with the age distribution across 18 to 45+ years. Respondents were primarily listeners/fans (42.5%), musicians (30.8%), and producers (26.7%), most with tertiary education (60.8%). Perceptions of AI's creative role showed moderate acceptance, with 64.2% agreeing AI contributes meaningfully to creativity, though 37.5% disagreed that AI eases composition. AI performance in live shows were viewed positively by 68.3%, yet 41.7% remained skeptical about AI making performances more modern and appealing. AI-generated content consumption was notably high, with 62.5% agreeing AI-powered apps recommend Fuji music, and 60.8% reporting personalized AI music experiences. AI usage levels were mixed: 55.8% reported low usage, while 44.2% indicated high engagement in production. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.978, p < 0.001) between perceptions of AI in music creation and consumption suggests a significant interdependence between these dimensions. While AI presents opportunities for innovation, it also poses cultural and ethical challenges that must be managed to preserve the essence of Fuji music. Efforts be made to strengthen capacity, promote cultural education, and implement policy measures to ensure adoption of AI complements rather than supplants Indigenous musical traditions.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Fuji Music, Cultural Identity, Music Technology and Digital Transformation
SORETIRE, EYITAYO A., UGWU, CALISTA A. N.
CULTURAL MEANING AND ARTISTIC PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY
ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC
Abstract
This study addressed the gap in understanding how contemporary electroacoustic music conveys African situated significance within technologically mediated sound worlds. It examined this problem by analysing how sonic morphology, creative workflow, and African centred interpretive perspectives interacted to shape meaning in three fixed media works: Nketia's Epilogue, Euba's Wakar Duru, and Onyeji's Ukom. A qualitative, interpretive methodology was employed, combining spectromorphological analysis, practice based inquiry, and cultural hermeneutic interpretation to produce a multi layered account of meaning formation. The analysis revealed that evolving spectral textures, dynamic spatial trajectories, and hybrid timbres functioned as narrative cues, while iterative, technology driven workflows shaped how each piece articulated African inflected themes. Interpretive patterns showed that notions of technological embodiment, sonic memory, and digitally mediated identity emerged from the interaction of sound behaviour and creative practice. These findings demonstrated that African grounded significance in electroacoustic music arose relationally rather than from sonic materials alone, offering a coherent framework for understanding how such works communicate within African and global cultural contexts.
Keywords: Artistic Practice, Contemporary, Cultural Meaning, Electroacoustic Music
ALBERT O.U. AUTHORITY, CHIDI KINGSLEY OPUTEH
AI AND MUSIC COMPOSITION AMONG STUDENTS OF NIGERIAN BAPTIST
THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a growing impact on music creation worldwide, but little is known about how it affects church music education, especially in Nigerian Baptist Theological Institutions. This paper investigates how music students in these institutions use AI to create religious music. It aims to assess students' knowledge of Artificial Intelligence (AI), examine the AI tools they employ, investigates the moral dilemmas surrounding AI in church music, and suggest methods for integrating AI-related instruction into theological music courses. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Technological Acceptance serve as the foundation for this study, concentrating on how people embrace new technology and how it can affect social norms. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines surveys and interviews with students and faculty from selected Nigerian Baptist theological institutions to acquire qualitative data. The results reveal that many students are still ignorant of the potential of AI tools for music creation, even though some are aware of them. The validity of AI-generated music and its conformity to religious doctrine, particularly with regard to authorship and divine inspiration, are ethical issues. By offering strategies for integrating AI training and resources into the curriculum to assist students in navigating these obstacles, the study offers insightful information on how to solve these problems in theological education.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Church Music Composition, Theological Education
DR GABRIEL ADEMOLA OYENIYI
ADVOCACY FOR INTEGRATING AI INTO THE MUSIC CURRICULA OF
NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently a global phenomenon, enhancing human intelligence through technological advancements that enable machines to perform tasks, and requiring human cognition. Integrating AI into the music curriculum of Nigerian tertiary institutions presents transformative opportunities for advancing music education, particularly in response to the current educational system that address several challenges of resource limitations, difficulties in illustration and citation, constraints on students' abilities and potential, limited opportunities for practice, and inadequate exposure to global music trends. This research collected data through electronic review of existing literature on AI in music, focusing on global trends and their relevance to the Nigerian context. Utilizing a quantitative research approach and grounded in Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (1984), this study highlights the enriching potential of AI tools such as Sibelius, Amper Music, MusNet, AIVA, and others. These tools foster interactive learning in music theory, composition, performance, and history, while also enhancing students' skills in music education. Additionally, they encourage creativity through AI-assisted composition and sound design, and facilitate interdisciplinary applications that merge music with coding and data science. Therefore, this research advocates that integrating AI tools into Nigeria's higher education music curriculum will significantly enhance creative expression, and also prepare students for the evolving demands of the 21st-century music industry.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Music Education, Curriculum, Nigerian Tertiary institutions.
TAIWO, EMMANUEL ADEGBOYEGA
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) INTO CULTURAL DAY MUSICAL
ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF OGUN STATE
Abstract
This paper investigates the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the 'Cultural Day' musical activities in secondary schools. The aim is to explore how to foster deeper appreciation of cultural heritage among twentieth century students. There is arguably no subject more closely tied to the cultural heritage of a society than music. Teaching of indigenous music contributes vital roles in enhancing students' understanding and appreciation of their cultural identity. Although the Federal Government's initiatives on the Cultural and Creative Arts curriculum continues to contribute to cultural and creative education's improvement in schools, however, music as a vital subject to bring the values of African cultural heritage into limelight, is still not widely recognized particularly in secondary schools. Data for the study was collected through observation and interview (primary data), while journals, text books and other library materials provided the secondary data. Findings reveal that school activities meant to convey traditional norms are gradually fading into extinction, being replaced with social and religious programs in schools. Additionally, several music teachers lacked training to perform and disseminate efficiently cultural music. There is an urgent need to revitalize and integrate traditional music education into school curriculum, using innovative approaches, including the application of artificial intelligence, to preserve Nigeria's rich cultural heritage. The adoption of artificial intelligent tools for the preservation, easy accessibility, and efficient dissemination of traditional and cultural music through modern digital means are imperative.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Cultural Day, Music, Secondary Education, Cultural Heritage
OWOLABI, IYABO OMOLARA (Ph.D.)
PERFORMANCE SETTINGS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENHANCED LIGHTING TECHNIQUES IN SUNNY-ADE'S
LIVE CONCERT AT THE 2024 EKIMOGUN DAY'S EXAMPLE
Abstract
This study examines King Sunny Ade's 2024 Ekimogun Day's live concert performance in Ondo state. It analyses the band's performance practice and use of artificial intelligence enhanced lighting techniques for the concert. This study employs participatory observation and videography as primary sources of data collection. The secondary source involves review of literature from books, journals and monographs among others. Findings reveal that Sunny Ade's live stage performance is full of artistic and dramatic displays as a unique practice. This is displayed by the mode of entrance of the band members and the use of instrumental sequences at the beginning, middle and last session during his performances on stage. Another is the cultural aesthetics creation in which the scenery and lighting designer employed the artificial intelligence enhanced lighting equipment in the interpretation of the performance. This provided technical insight, artistic elements and aesthetics to the stage during the performing. It is also worthy to acknowledge the significance of human factor, vis-a-vis the creativity of the light-designer/engineer who manipulated the AI aided lighting equipment to achieve the desired scenery on the stage.
Key words: Lighting Technique, Artificial Intelligence, Performance Practice.